Livsstil

Det er vanlig å knytte helse til valg av livsstil. Livsstil kan handle om mange ting. For eksempel hvilket kosthold man har, om man velger å bruke kosttilskudd og andre velværeprodukter og om man lever et aktivt liv, trener og er sosial. I forbindelse med det sosiale liv benyttes ofte alkohol og mange koser seg med god mat og tar seg en røyk. I de tilfeller hvor man velger feil kosthold og man mangler vitaminer, spiser for lite, overdriver matinntak, alkohol- og nikotinforbruk, deltar for lite, eller for mye i sosiale sammenhenger, kan dette føre til livsstilssykdommer. Det kan handle om psykiske vansker, antisosiale handlinger som kriminalitet, underkontrollert atferd, eller det å trekke seg tilbake fra sosiale sammenhenger og vise overkontrollert atferd. Menneskers personlighet kan ha betydning for valg av livsstil. Personlighet er et vidt begrep og omfatter medfødte genetiske disposisjoner, som personlighetstrekkene man finner i fem faktor modellen; 1. innadvendt og foretrekker å være inne og mye alene, eller om man er utadvendt og liker å være ute og omgi seg med mye mennesker, 2. samvittighetsfull; snill, flink og arbeidsom, 3. omgjengelig og viser omsorgsfullhet og tillitsfullhet, 4. åpen eller lukket i møte med nye mennesker og situasjoner, 5. nevrotisk og engstelig, eller rolig i møte med stress. I løpet av oppveksten vil temperamentet og miljøet virke sammen og forme personligheten. Personlighet omfatter også identiteten og den oppfattelsen man har av hvem man er; personlige verdier og valg man har gjort omkring hvordan man vil leve. Personlighet handler dermed også om selvkontroll i forhold til egen livsstil. Det handler om den kognitive utviklingen som former tanker som gjør at man kan ha kontroll over egne valg. Det handler også om den emosjonelle utviklingen knyttet til den forståelsen man har fått om egne og andres emosjoner som gjør at man får god emosjonsregulering. I barndommen dreier det seg mindre om egne valg av livsstil, men de erfaringene man får i barndommen vil likevel påvirke personlighetsutviklingen og valg av livsstil i løpet av livet. En for streng og overbeskyttende oppdragerstil kan føre til overkontrollert og sosialt tilbaketrukket atferd slik at man får manglende sosiale erfaringer, mens en indulgent oppdragerstil hvor barn blir oversett kan føre til underkontrollert atferd og til at man utsettes for fare. Gjennom oppdragelse prøver man å lære barn forskjellen mellom rett og galt, spise sundt, forstå hvordan andre og en selv har det, vise medfølelse og omsorg for andre og seg selv. Når barna kommer i ungdomsalderen er det mange som er bekymret for hvordan det skal gå med barna i forbindelse med festing og bruk av alkohol og andre rusmidler. Man er opptatt av å lære barna egenskaper som verdsettes i samfunnet; som å finne en egen identitet slik at de blir selvstendige personer, men også å finne en sosial identitet slik at de mestrer å leve i positive relasjoner til andre.

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